[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-695e06e0-21c9-4d92-bf19-4dcdcc919b54--":3,"related-articles-undefined-undefined-ab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe-true":83},{"id":4,"type":5,"title":6,"pubDate":7,"logoUrl":8,"anpFeedCategory":9,"organisationTitle":10,"thirdParty":11,"body":12,"imageUrls":13,"city":16,"website":17,"orgId":18,"branches":19,"description":82},"695e06e0-21c9-4d92-bf19-4dcdcc919b54","PRESSRELEASE","Onderzoek naar kans op corona aan boord van vliegtuigen","2021-06-22T09:08:10.032+02:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.persberichten.nl\u002Ffile\u002Flogos\u002Fab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe\u002F96d8f14a-8562-44ff-9222-1ea0293ecdcf.jpg","Binnenland","Nederlands Lucht- en Ruimtevaartcentrum (NLR)",false,"\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Koninklijke NLR heeft samen met RIVM onderzocht wat het risico is dat een passagier ziek wordt door het inademen van het coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 aan boord van een vliegtuig. Er gelden maatregelen die de kans verkleinen dat een besmettelijke passagier het vliegtuig instapt. Indien deze persoon toch in de cabine zit, lopen medepassagiers binnen een sectie van zeven rijen – rondom de besmettelijke passagier – gemiddeld een relatief laag risico op COVID-19. Lager dan bijvoorbeeld in ongeventileerde ruimtes van dezelfde afmeting.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Binnen de Nederlandse luchtvaartsector gelden verschillende maatregelen om te voorkomen dat een passagier besmet met COVID-19 (\u003Cem>coronavirus disease 2019\u003C\u002Fem>) aan boord van een vliegtuig stapt. Zo is voor alle vliegreizigers een gezondheidsverklaring verplicht en geldt voor reizigers uit zeer hoogrisicogebieden een aanvullende antigeen-sneltestverplichting van maximaal 24 uur oud voor boarden. Zonder negatieve testuitslag mogen passagiers niet worden toegelaten aan boord van vliegtuigen.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Bij een lage prevalentie van het virus op de plaats van vertrek en negatieve testuitslag voor het boarden, is de kans dat een besmettelijke passagier aan boord komt klein. Als er onverhoopt toch een besmettelijke persoon aan boord is, zijn verschillende factoren van invloed op mogelijke verspreiding van het virus in vliegtuigen. Om de risico’s van COVID-19 aan boord van vliegtuigen te beoordelen hebben Koninklijke NLR – Nederlands Lucht- en Ruimtevaartcentrum en het Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM) in opdracht van het Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat een wetenschappelijk onderzoek uitgevoerd. Daarbij is er vanuit gegaan dat de coronamaatregelen voor de luchtvaartsector worden nageleefd, zoals het dragen van mondmaskers. Er is onderzocht wat de kans op ziekte is als gevolg van geäerosoliseerde SARS-CoV-2-virusdeeltjes (\u003Cem>severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u003C\u002Fem>), uitgestoten door een besmettelijke passagier in een vliegtuigcabine. In deze studie werd overdracht van het virus via direct contact en oppervlakken niet onderzocht.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Conclusies\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Op basis van metingen en simulaties zijn verschillende situaties beoordeeld. Bij een gebruikelijke kruisvluchtduur voor elk van de onderzochte toestellen werd het risico op COVID-19 door inademing van virusdeeltjes door passagiers in de zeven rijen om de besmettelijke passagier geschat op 1:1800 tot 1:120. In het geval van een superuitscheider – een persoon die gemiddeld 300 keer zoveel virusdeeltjes uitscheidt – namen gemiddelde risico's toe van 1:370 tot 1:16. Volgens het rapport hebben dit soort biomedische aspecten de grootste invloed op het risico. Risico’s nemen ook toe bij een langere vluchtduur. Het dragen van een mondmaskers aan boord verlaagt het risico. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>De onderzoeksresultaten laten zien dat het risico afneemt met een grotere afstand tot de besmettelijke passagier. Daarom gaat het rapport er vanuit dat passagiers die verder dan 3 rijen verwijderd zitten van de besmettelijke passagier geen risico lopen. De onderzoekers schatten dat tussen de 2 en 44 kruisvluchten de aanwezigheid van een ‘reguliere’ besmettelijke passagier mogelijk resulteert in ten minste 1 geval van COVID-19. Voor een superuitscheider wordt dat risico geschat op 1 tot 9 vluchten. Deze cijfers gelden voor de situatie waarin een besmettelijke passagier in de vliegtuigcabine aanwezig is. De waarschijnlijkheid daarvan is onder andere afhankelijk van het aantal met SARS-CoV-2 besmette personen in de bevolking en of er al of niet een negatieve testuitslag nodig is om aan boord te mogen.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Uitgaande van cijfers van 7 juni en een test verplichting schatten de onderzoekers dat er iedere 11 tot 33 vluchten een besmettelijke passagier aan boord zou kunnen zijn. Van die passagiers aan boord wordt geschat dat minder dan 3% een superuitscheider is. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Aanpak\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Naast een uitgebreide literatuurstudie, die in oktober 2020 is gepubliceerd, zijn er metingen verricht aan boord van drie vliegtuigtypes waarmee op Schiphol veel wordt gevlogen. Hiervoor hebben drie vliegtuigmaatschappijen een toestel ter beschikking gesteld. De resultaten van de literatuurstudie toonden de relevantie van zowel de kruisvlucht- (de meest voorkomende omstandigheid van een vlucht) als taxifase. Daarom zijn beide onderzocht. Bij de metingen zijn in een cabinesectie van zeven rijen in de economy-klasse poppen in de stoelen geplaatst om passagiers na te bootsen. De poppen waren optioneel verwarmd, om de warmteafgifte van normale passagiers na te bootsen. In de middelste rij zat een ‘besmettelijke passagier’ die kunstmatig speeksel – zonder de aanwezigheid van het daadwerkelijke virus – uitstootte. Vervolgens werden aantallen en volumes van deeltjes in de cabinesectie bepaald, door middel van in de cabine aanwezige en op de poppen geplaatste sensoren. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Naast metingen zijn ook simulaties uitgevoerd om de verspreiding van aerosolen onder verschillende omstandigheden in kaart te brengen tijdens de kruisvluchtsituatie, zoals het effect van zitpositie van de ‘besmettelijke passagier’ op verschillende stoelen in een rij.\u003C\u002Fp>",[14,15],"https:\u002F\u002Flh3.googleusercontent.com\u002Fd65NMiK4U7wGMMwwp54pG8zmwhKQRlQjogRJKvPVax17bkugcUFqknDfNmRd3jrJ4Oe2rntSDySYfl2FKmRHc6ispEayxe7v","https:\u002F\u002Forder.perssupport.nl\u002Ffile\u002Fpressrelease\u002Fab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe\u002F695e06e0-21c9-4d92-bf19-4dcdcc919b54\u002FPersberichtNLRCORSICANL20210622.pdf","Amsterdam","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nlr.nl\u002F","ab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe",[20,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,53,57,61,65,69,72,75,78],{"id":21,"title":22,"parentId":23},"38101","Internationaal nieuws","38100",{"id":25,"title":26,"parentId":23},"38102","Lokaal nieuws",{"id":28,"title":29,"parentId":23},"38103","Nationaal nieuws",{"id":31,"title":32,"parentId":23},"594aba81-f219-42c2-8dd7-9d3cd0547682","Dagbladen",{"id":34,"title":35,"parentId":23},"0ab0e99b-345d-43b7-95ce-a4268e20a02c","Online",{"id":37,"title":38,"parentId":23},"90528a49-b59e-4a39-8a47-2f77067c302f","Nationaal nieuws - radio",{"id":40,"title":41,"parentId":23},"69d90a55-c180-4ff9-9da2-4c276aefadf5","Nationaal nieuws TV",{"id":43,"title":44,"parentId":23},"38105","Nieuws - andere",{"id":46,"title":47,"parentId":23},"38104","Regionaal nieuws",{"id":49,"title":50,"parentId":23},"35d5c089-fb24-460e-801f-5d0d0f434723","Regionale nieuwsomroep",{"id":23,"title":52},"Algemeen nieuws",{"id":54,"title":55,"parentId":56},"28127","Nationale overheid","28100",{"id":58,"title":59,"parentId":60},"41108","Overheid","41100",{"id":62,"title":63,"parentId":64},"51108","Luchtvaart","35100",{"id":66,"title":67,"parentId":68},"51105","Luchtvaartmaatschappijen en luchttransport","51100",{"id":70,"title":71,"parentId":64},"51106","Luchthavens",{"id":73,"title":74,"parentId":68},"51151","Piloten",{"id":76,"title":77,"parentId":68},"51129","Vliegen en vliegtuigen",{"id":79,"title":80,"parentId":81},"47132","Populaire wetenschap","47100","Koninklijke NLR heeft samen met RIVM onderzocht wat het risico is dat een passagier ziek wordt door het inademen van het coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 aan boord van ee",[84,99,110,122,134,148,192,267,289,666],{"id":85,"title":86,"pubDate":87,"logoUrl":88,"thirdParty":11,"imageUrls":89,"orgId":18,"branches":94,"description":98},"42bebe84-a0b9-4863-a1dc-a61a8536e875","Uniek in EU: modulaire testfaciliteit EPTF voor vliegen op waterstof","2025-12-01T12:48:55.218+01:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.persberichten.nl\u002Ffile\u002Flogos\u002Fab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe\u002F9c7ba028-96c9-4b26-bfe1-0c2d097992b1.jpg",[90,91,92,93],"https:\u002F\u002Flh3.googleusercontent.com\u002Fw6aQsn74FSo-ZtkPP7sFCrwYLlC9TGQhOVJUz83_VZUaS-CdjneyLmz9sp-z86ySSRvm8MVV_4q4BL2CGQOQNxErM5GY2hLx9Q","https:\u002F\u002Flh3.googleusercontent.com\u002F_NYmCY9KwwC1sU2SJanbPQFc69xtARUfwnwfIG3NP5J5PqXsPTHlSwqhCF5gtcsMLmw1PCsNbazVTLiHQ2toSZhjTT1iuP_w1A","https:\u002F\u002Forder.perssupport.nl\u002Ffile\u002Fpressrelease\u002Fab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe\u002F42bebe84-a0b9-4863-a1dc-a61a8536e875\u002FPressreleaseNLRUKModulartestfacilityEPTF20251128.pdf","https:\u002F\u002Forder.perssupport.nl\u002Ffile\u002Fpressrelease\u002Fab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe\u002F42bebe84-a0b9-4863-a1dc-a61a8536e875\u002FPersberichtNLRNLModulairetestfaciliteitEPTF20251128.pdf",[95],{"id":96,"title":97},"27100","Energie en brandstoffen","Met de opening van de ‘Energy to Propulsion Test Facility’ (EPTF) beschikt NLR nu over een unieke, modulair opgebouwde testfaciliteit, om onderzoek te doen. Op ",{"id":100,"title":101,"pubDate":102,"logoUrl":88,"thirdParty":11,"imageUrls":103,"orgId":18,"branches":106,"description":109},"bfa26ca6-7600-4441-851b-e31c4256e816","Lancering QRDF: snelle drone-innovaties voor Defensie","2025-05-22T14:30:00.037+02:00",[104,105],"https:\u002F\u002Forder.perssupport.nl\u002Ffile\u002Fpressrelease\u002Fab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe\u002Fbfa26ca6-7600-4441-851b-e31c4256e816\u002FPersberichtNLRLanceringQRDF.pdf","https:\u002F\u002Forder.perssupport.nl\u002Ffile\u002Fpressrelease\u002Fab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe\u002Fbfa26ca6-7600-4441-851b-e31c4256e816\u002FPressreleaseNLRLaunchQRDF.pdf",[107],{"id":56,"title":108},"Politiek en overheid","** FOR ENGLISH SEE ATTACHMENT ** Het Koninklijk Nederlands Lucht- en Ruimtevaartcentrum (NLR) lanceert de Quick Response Drone Facility (QRDF) in Marknesse. Dez",{"id":111,"title":112,"pubDate":113,"logoUrl":88,"thirdParty":11,"imageUrls":114,"orgId":18,"branches":118,"description":121},"97e82add-67b1-4d73-b1c9-267b8b6d7ed0","Nieuw bestuur voor Nederlands Lucht- en Ruimtevaartcentrum (NLR)","2025-04-17T12:15:00.037+02:00",[115,116,117],"https:\u002F\u002Flh3.googleusercontent.com\u002FisNyUot7E4_irTJ_iBQ6WMrJjOVMiMZcVyBAwcWUsXFyQyjpezAWSya80IIMOHaAwRnZlUa1-fUP7ccX5cDQUUglIe0EmoaNvB8","https:\u002F\u002Forder.perssupport.nl\u002Ffile\u002Fpressrelease\u002Fab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe\u002F97e82add-67b1-4d73-b1c9-267b8b6d7ed0\u002FPersberichtNLRNLNieuwbestuur20250417def.pdf","https:\u002F\u002Forder.perssupport.nl\u002Ffile\u002Fpressrelease\u002Fab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe\u002F97e82add-67b1-4d73-b1c9-267b8b6d7ed0\u002FPressreleaseNLRUKNewboard20250417def.pdf",[119],{"id":81,"title":120},"Wetenschap","** For the English version of the announcement, please see the attachment ** Met ingang van 1 juni 2025 krijgt NLR een nieuw bestuur. Daarbij wordt de topstruct",{"id":123,"title":124,"pubDate":125,"logoUrl":8,"thirdParty":11,"imageUrls":126,"orgId":18,"branches":129,"description":133},"3f181437-b5c1-4f00-8f6d-5fe0fe47aa39","World's First Test Facility for WLTP Testing of Larger Vehicles Now Open","2024-12-11T15:59:37.559+01:00",[127,128],"https:\u002F\u002Flh3.googleusercontent.com\u002Frtun2GhOd2ApWFdKMdLTldm4mOzOHoOEwX5SxA25qkA___HJ6sZSJFDliZMYo7XBDS7-fL0P2qyGK0CV-B_vYWz_XeFQrkp8jA","https:\u002F\u002Flh3.googleusercontent.com\u002FDpIcWcifnEE0QfkD32z5AEkcv-HyyDodd1traH4XBY7lKye21cbDeJaJtUgHEAS4cPPTqjYw2Cf1-ceMSoLeZz83TQDO-LXGQg",[130],{"id":131,"title":132},"6c6ce671-585e-493a-ab29-cfa0809c16e1","Auto’s en motoren","Marknesse, Netherlands, 10 December 2024 – The German-Dutch Wind Tunnels - DNW is pleased to announce the opening of its state-of-the-art Automotive Test Sectio",{"id":135,"title":136,"pubDate":137,"logoUrl":8,"thirdParty":11,"imageUrls":138,"orgId":18,"branches":143,"description":147},"1887806b-e108-43ca-a215-dc3491c0665f","Verduurzaming van Europese luchtvaart bedreigd, blijkt uit nieuwe studie","2022-10-04T09:40:36.948+02:00",[139,140,141,142],"https:\u002F\u002Flh3.googleusercontent.com\u002Fn5MjFO81TsCFj1uDqp7iwADl50tEesnPqcniUAbqH0YAN-x50VzVtIItBVaZBSKJKeqOBXQMUgzAWG4decZ8FRpUm4J--3ljEQ","https:\u002F\u002Flh3.googleusercontent.com\u002FaMk2OdDa6sI2xyaM7mZtjPFB6ClifsUBwOO3FHSDhnc2Pf67z5Gb-22gNq_nFgT_EJbA8SVhjgHJK8tW9Kb0QKItQGZxN7Mo","https:\u002F\u002Flh3.googleusercontent.com\u002FcAFNqhwzvIXQckuCIK6uWw2aIbAVnUGZYnwKPtBxNKnbYv6Qcg-oajebpXifvYFAZesnrb9IYxXhCHT0_FENZHwaPrPnKtX0","https:\u002F\u002Flh3.googleusercontent.com\u002F97r4Nd4HYs7TpKbqcN0lkvwAN6QSgjpbvXeqhQ1JOIke8hXO7FUYX9C3m4vUi9Hdd5VihqhKEYTUUROSjD2qFtYgTS_DaEJCYw",[144],{"id":145,"title":146},"23100","Klimaat, milieu en duurzaamheid","** Decarbonisation of European aviation under threat, new study finds - For UK version please see the link below at 'Noot voor de redactie' ** Een tekort aan Eu",{"id":149,"title":150,"pubDate":151,"logoUrl":8,"thirdParty":11,"imageUrls":152,"orgId":18,"branches":155,"description":191},"f6081e01-6315-4311-be1e-a3f2bbbb7138","Eerste vlucht met Scaled Flight Demonstrator","2022-04-07T16:51:56.721+02:00",[153,154],"https:\u002F\u002Forder.perssupport.nl\u002Ffile\u002Fpressrelease\u002Fab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe\u002Ff6081e01-6315-4311-be1e-a3f2bbbb7138\u002FPersberichtNLRmetpartnersNL20220406SFD.pdf","https:\u002F\u002Forder.perssupport.nl\u002Ffile\u002Fpressrelease\u002Fab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe\u002Ff6081e01-6315-4311-be1e-a3f2bbbb7138\u002FPressreleaseONERA20220407SDF.pdf",[156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,171,174,177,178,179,180,183,186,187],{"id":21,"title":22,"parentId":23},{"id":25,"title":26,"parentId":23},{"id":28,"title":29,"parentId":23},{"id":31,"title":32,"parentId":23},{"id":34,"title":35,"parentId":23},{"id":37,"title":38,"parentId":23},{"id":40,"title":41,"parentId":23},{"id":43,"title":44,"parentId":23},{"id":46,"title":47,"parentId":23},{"id":49,"title":50,"parentId":23},{"id":23,"title":52},{"id":168,"title":169,"parentId":170},"51102","Luchtvaarttechniek","21100",{"id":172,"title":173,"parentId":170},"21103","Ontwerptechniek",{"id":175,"title":176,"parentId":68},"51135","Lichte luchtvaart",{"id":62,"title":63,"parentId":64},{"id":73,"title":74,"parentId":68},{"id":76,"title":77,"parentId":68},{"id":181,"title":182,"parentId":68},"51109","Vliegtuigelektronica",{"id":184,"title":185,"parentId":81},"94892","Onderzoek en ontwikkeling",{"id":79,"title":80,"parentId":81},{"id":188,"title":189,"parentId":190},"12145","Technologie","16100","** SEE ATTACHMENT FOR UK PRESS RELEASE ** Woensdag 30 maart vond de eerste vlucht plaats van een schaalmodel van een middelgroot passagiersvliegtuig; de Scaled ",{"id":193,"title":194,"pubDate":195,"logoUrl":8,"thirdParty":11,"imageUrls":196,"orgId":18,"branches":201,"description":266},"80474191-f4f2-4a73-bf2d-9f845ca7770c","Production of sustainable aviation fuels in the Netherlands might not meet demand","2021-09-24T15:09:56.122+02:00",[197,198,199,200],"https:\u002F\u002Flh3.googleusercontent.com\u002Fnrd2epwVVBCPR9rzMytVsixP5Jq-ceVeV45R4cUDPBXs0Hh0cCoetSMrkaSFUIoy6LZpD4DVj4ls-dfFri3wisOB8H2XbntPwHs","https:\u002F\u002Flh3.googleusercontent.com\u002FD3SPfJyOpYMHjvRk07daDaYqIZx7o1-af_phfHjxzs8zj1LYD41J_wVcGQMWfUrgb7TdmTNsEmOb_J8HJKLe4JxwxWWJKfZw","https:\u002F\u002Forder.perssupport.nl\u002Ffile\u002Fpressrelease\u002Fab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe\u002F80474191-f4f2-4a73-bf2d-9f845ca7770c\u002FPersberichtNLRNLproductieduurzamevliegtuigbrandstoffen20210924.pdf","https:\u002F\u002Forder.perssupport.nl\u002Ffile\u002Fpressrelease\u002Fab03dded-d665-4246-b51b-afb6a888e4fe\u002F80474191-f4f2-4a73-bf2d-9f845ca7770c\u002FPressreleasefeedstockNLRUK20210924.pdf",[202,205,208,211,214,217,220,223,227,229,232,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,247,250,251,254,255,256,257,258,261,264,265],{"id":203,"title":204,"parentId":96},"94792","Fossiele brandstoffen",{"id":206,"title":207,"parentId":96},"93372","Duurzame energie",{"id":209,"title":210,"parentId":96},"27106","Energieonderzoek en -ontwikkeling",{"id":212,"title":213,"parentId":96},"27117","Energievoorzieningsindustrie",{"id":215,"title":216,"parentId":96},"94182","Onderzoek in alternatieve energie",{"id":218,"title":219,"parentId":145},"94752","Duurzaamheid",{"id":221,"title":222,"parentId":145},"94742","Klimaat en weer",{"id":224,"title":225,"parentId":226},"c13fb24d-a50b-4afb-a864-cef1f765ad94","Stikstof","23102",{"id":226,"title":228,"parentId":145},"Milieu",{"id":230,"title":231,"parentId":145},"94132","Milieubeleid",{"id":233,"title":234,"parentId":145},"23103","Milieutechniek",{"id":21,"title":22,"parentId":23},{"id":25,"title":26,"parentId":23},{"id":28,"title":29,"parentId":23},{"id":31,"title":32,"parentId":23},{"id":37,"title":38,"parentId":23},{"id":40,"title":41,"parentId":23},{"id":43,"title":44,"parentId":23},{"id":46,"title":47,"parentId":23},{"id":49,"title":50,"parentId":23},{"id":245,"title":246,"parentId":56},"41109","Binnenlandse 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